E-ging Solutions is a world-leading Shanghai translation company with specialties in language translation.
Definition
Translation, speakingly,
implies rendering from one language into another of something written or spoken.
It is, essentially the faithful
representation, in one language of what is written or spoken in another.
It is the replacement of
textual material in one language (SL- source language) by equivalent textual
material in another language (TL-target language).
Criteria
As early as in the Tang
Dynasty, the learned Monk Xuan Zhuang designed criteria of translation with
emphasis placed on accuracy and general knowledge.
In the Qing Dynasty, Yan Fu
established a three character standard in translation：
faithfulness,expressiveness and
elegance or gracefulness.
Faithfulness, expressiveness
and gracefulness are considered the golden rule in the field of translation.
Strategy
In translation from English
into Chinese, the principal methods used are:
1. Literal translation
(metaprhase)
2. Free translation
(paraphrase/transkribieren)
3. Transliteration (translation
according to pronunciation)
The last one, however, is
scarcely used unless it is absolutely necessary. Transliteration is mainly used
in translating proper nouns, such as names of persons, places, scientific terms
and etc. Whether a translation will be faithful to be the original in all the
aspects depends on the possibility of finding the closest, the most natural
equivalence depends on to a great extent a good command of the transformation
of the key sentence and the choice of surface structure by a translator
